Penicillin was the first effective antibiotic that could be used to kill bacteria. This booklet is designed to support your revision by telling you what you need to revise and how to structure your answers for each section. Gcse medicine in britain c1250c1500 medicine in medieval. This presentation is based on edexcel history of medicine book. To identify the importance of the discovery of penicillin. Jun 05, 2017 this website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. As it is an organic substance it can be used on, or in, the human body. Alexander fleming and the discovery of penicillin attempts to treat. Efforts were made to control the spread of disease. This specification is for first certification in june 2015. Penicillin, one of the first and still one of the most widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the penicillium mold. Learn and revise for gcse history health and medicine about the main attempts to treat and cure illness and disease over time. Gcse medicine in britain c1250c1500 medicine in medieval england specification content key examples ideas about the cause of disease and illness supernatural and religious explanations of the cause of.
Do scientific discoveries happen more by accident or design. This discovery led to the introduction of antibiotics that greatly reduced the number of deaths from infection. Gcse history online flashcards by billy forresterwalker. The discovery of penicillin, one of the major events in the history of medicine. Study 14 terms aqa gcse history medicine through time. Once scientists had found penicillin they looked for other antibacterial drugs such as streptomycin and the tetracyclines which had even broader applications than penicillin. There are anecdotes about ancient societies using molds to treat infections, and in the following centuries many people observed the inhibition of. The warriner school history gcse information booklet aqa gcse. Gcse history medicine penicillin task sheet teachit history. Start studying aqa gcse history medicine through time. To identify and evaluate the reasons for the discovery and manufacture of penicillin as a drug widely available by the late 1940s. The american chemical society designated the development of deeptank fermentation by pfizer, inc.
This may not be the complete list of references from this article. Paper 2a 48 look through the source booklet and the questions below to see how they relate to each other. These were the same as the methods used by the laboratory team at oxford, but on a much larger scale. Treatment of patients with a history of penicillin allergy. Florey and chain began research in oxford on penicillin after reading an article by fleming. Medicine in britain, c1250present edexcel 91 history. Colour code the topics to show how confident you are with them before revision, and then tick it off to show that you have revised it. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. The discovery of penicillin, one of the worlds first antibiotics, marks a true turning point in human history when doctors finally had a tool.
Fleming, florey and chains development of penicillin. History content standard 3c 912 evaluate the impact of world. Updated fleming, florey and chain and the development of. Created by experienced teacher nichola boughey and available to use today. Florey, at the university of oxford working with ernst b. War ii on science, medicine, and technology, especially in nuclear physics. The discovery and importance of penicillin and the. When was a technique developed to refine penicillin and what technique is this. Any of the topics from the gcse specification could potentially be on the assessment so you need to revise all topics you have learnt in mathematics.
In 1871 the scientist joseph lister by chance noticed that the mould which grows on cheese and fruit can make microbes germs grow weaker. Edexcel history gcse 19 medicine through time penicillin. The discovery of penicillin was a major medical breakthrough. Medicine through time timeline 3000 bc prehistoryunderstanding is based on spirits and gods. Medicine through time history gcse revision video duration.
Much knowledge from the roman empire had been lost during the dark ages c. The true history of the discovery of penicillin by. Penicillin was discovered by chance in his laboratory. The history of penicillin follows a number of observations and discoveries of apparent evidence of antibiotic activity in molds before the modern isolation of the chemical penicillin in 1928. Medicine in britain, c1250present and the british sector of the western front, 191418 edexcel gcse history 91 lesson resources. Medicine in britain, c1250present edexcel 91 history walton history. There are many pictures and diagrams added to the content of the lesson, so it. Medicine in britain, c1250 present edexcel gcse 91. Alexander fleming was born in ayrshire on 6 august 1881, the son of a farmer. Most people at this time worked in agriculture and few could read. This teacher support booklet has been designed to support you with the changes to unit 1 of the history b schools history project specification from september 20. Long answer questions 100 credits and 20 credits for marking your own vi.
Alexander fleming is alongside the likes of edward jenner, robert koch, christian barnard and louis pasteur in medical history. In 1928 scottish bacteriologist alexander fleming first observed that colonies of the bacterium staphylococcus aureus failed to grow in those areas of a culture that had been accidentally contaminated by the green mold. Get help and support gcse example history responses. This video describes how penicillin was discovered at st marys hospital by alexander fleming. He moved to london at the age of and later trained as a doctor. Penicillin is one of the earliest discovered and most widely used antibiotic agents.
Gcse history medicine in britain revision guide the history of. It also goes onto describe how antibiotics are made nowadays and the importance of antibiotics. Question paper unit a95221 developments in british. Gcse history medicine through time revision notes these notes are brought to you by. The content is enriched with many photos, pictures, diagrams and couple of video links, so it becomes more accessible to all ability pupils. Source i from a gcse history text book, a history of medicine, published in 1988. Until the 1970s, writers on the history of medicine such as charles singer took a positivist approach which saw the history of medicine as a vast sweep of. Alexander fleming discovery and development of penicillin. Medicine through time timeline corby technical school. By the end of the war, mass production was occurring in several labs in both the u. Alexander fleming discovered what was to be one of the most powerful of all antibiotics penicillin. Alleged penicillin allergy is common among hospitalized patients and leads to substantial additional costs. This resource covers the steps in penicillins development and asks students to.
This is a fantastic booklet that sets out not just the exam question and useful guidance but also an assessment feedback form to support peerself or teach. Updated fleming, florey and chain and the development of penicillin and antibiotics. The discovery, development and subsequent use of penicillin can be considered to be one of the most important breakthroughs in medical history. Study sources ak and then answer questions 18 below. What can you learn from sources a and b about the work of alexander fleming. Penicillin production through deeptank fermentation. For example, penicillin was significant because it was the first antibiotic. Explore with your students the important role of antibiotics on human history and the collaborative effort to mass produce penicillin.
The history of medicine is about some of the most important questions in the whole of. Paper 2a sources booklet 55 source e a photograph showing the methods used in the early days of largescale penicillin manufacturein the usa in the 1940s. For the first time in history, the major killer in a war was not infection. Endocrine today the accidental discovery of penicillin changed the course of medicine in 1928 and is now the most widely used antibiotic in the world. Gcse usa booklet 1, gcse usa booklet 2, gcse usa booklet 3, and more. Penicillin prevents a large number of germs from growing. This new species of penicillin would produce more than 200 times more than the strain fleming had discovered and with some research and more experimenting with xrays to mutate the strain, they were able to increase that. Gcse medicine in britain c1250c1500 medicine in medieval england. There are anecdotes about ancient societies using molds to treat infections, and in the following centuries many people observed the inhibition of bacterial growth by various molds. Revision material for each group will be available through show my homework which will give supportive questions on a range of topics from the gcse curriculum. He made some successful experiments on patients but did not, it seems, fully recognize the implications. Which war was a major factor in the mass production of penicillin. Florey and chain won the nobel prize, with alexander fleming, for the development of penicillin.
Gcse science revision the discovery of penicillin and. Gcse history paper two health and the people exam questions. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square london wc1r 4hq. A summary of medicine through time medicine through time. The final piece of the puzzle was in place and mass production of penicillin was finally possible. Penicillin acts by killing bacteria directly or by inhibiting their growth. These findings were later used by florey and chain to develop penicillin into a mass produced medicine. In 1928 scottish bacteriologist alexander fleming first observed that colonies of the bacterium staphylococcus aureus failed to grow in those areas of a culture that had been accidentally contaminated by the green mold penicillium notatum. Alexander fleming and the discovery of penicillin schoolshistory. Alexander fleming and the discovery of penicillin attempts.
The story does not stop because today we are worried about antibiotic resistance. While sir alexander fleming is credited with its discovery, it was french medical student ernest duchesne who first took note of the bacteria in 1896. By the end of 1943, hundreds of million units of pure penicillin were produced on a monthly basis. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. How much credit does fleming deserve for penicillin.
Aqa cannot give permission to schoolscolleges to photocopy any material that. The discovery and importance of penicillin and the development of sulfa drugsoverviewthe discovery of penicillin in 1928 and sulfanilamide drugs in the 1930s played a major role in treating bacterial diseases and in the creation of todays pharmaceutical industry. Sep 27, 20 the discovery of penicillin, one of the worlds first antibiotics, marks a true turning point in human history when doctors finally had a tool that could completely cure their patients of. This is a fascinating account of the discovery of penicillin and the main actors involved and their all too familiar human failings. Feb 08, 2014 gcse science revision the discovery of penicillin and antibiotics low. Updated the impact of penicillin and development of. During the 19th century there was less use of herbal remedies. Gcse history revision booklet 1 gcse history revision booklet. In the 19th century anaesthetics were significant because even though they allowed surgeons to do more complex surgeries, they still brought new problems. Marys hospital, london, alexander fleming discovered penicillin. What did william harvey describe in his book published in 1628. Florey and chain and the development of penicillin. This powerpoint is based on edexcel gcse history of medicine book.
How alexander fleming accidentally discovered penicillin by daniel koechlin. Here, in an article originally published in imperial college school of. Edexcel history gcse 1 9 medicine through time penicillin lesson no rating 0 customer. Gcse history paper two health and the people exam questions 1. The weimar republic was the democratic government set up in germany after ww1. These chemical agents, called antibiotics, saved many lives during world war ii.
Discovery of penicillin the research of alexander fleming in 1928 led to the discovery of penicillin, an important antibiotic. Gcse history example answers and commentaries, paper 2aa. Betalactam antibiotics were used on 56 occasions despite a history of penicillin allergy. The formation from glucose by members of the penicillium chrysogenum series of a pigment, an alkalisoluble protein. However, registered schoolscolleges for aqa are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception. Their laboratory work resulted in the discovery of penicillin and recording of its properties being transformed into a highly effective treatment. Patent medicines and pharmacies fill in the missing words in the paragraphs below on patent medicines and pharmacies.
Gcse biology revision worksheets biology past papers. Fleming published his findings on the discovery and properties of penicillin. In the early 20th century pfizer developed innovative fermentation. The story of the penicillin miracle by eric lax why is this a favourite book. The discovery of penicillin is a great example of a chance finding helping science. Apr 20, 2012 this video describes how penicillin was discovered at st marys hospital by alexander fleming. The discovery of penicillin in 1928 and sulfanilamide drugs in the 1930s played a major role in treating bacterial diseases and in the creation of todays pharmaceutical industry. Commemorative booklet pdf the introduction of penicillin in the 1940s, which began the era of antibiotics, has been recognized as one of the greatest advances in therapeutic medicine. The experiments surrounding the discovery of penicillin led to it being recognised as potentially valuable. In 1939, led by australian scientist howard florey, the work of a team of penicillin researchers at oxford universitys sir william dunn school of pathology that included ernst boris chain, edward abraham, arthur duncan gardner, norman heatley, margaret jennings, j. Jul 30, 2019 in 1939, led by australian scientist howard florey, the work of a team of penicillin researchers at oxford universitys sir william dunn school of pathology that included ernst boris chain, edward abraham, arthur duncan gardner, norman heatley, margaret jennings, j.
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